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    <loc>https://www.offplanetresearch.com/contact-us</loc>
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    <lastmod>2021-09-14</lastmod>
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    <loc>https://www.offplanetresearch.com/quality-control</loc>
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    <lastmod>2026-06-19</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Quality Control</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/1631722180673-HNRZ0JEI3PXEFMUKVA4J/20200903_161951.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Quality Control</image:title>
      <image:caption>In this picture you can see two of the primary feedstocks we use for some of our simulants; Shawmere anorthosite (left) and basaltic cinder from the San Francisco formation in Arizona (right).</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Quality Control - Simulant Designations</image:title>
      <image:caption>We use specific designations for all of our simulants so that they can be better controlled and referenced by our clients and partners and in publications. To the left is an example of how our designators are set up.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Presented at LPSC 2025</image:caption>
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    <loc>https://www.offplanetresearch.com/leadership</loc>
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    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-06-19</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Leadership</image:title>
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      <image:title>Leadership</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/5f82ec59-b0e7-4d3f-a906-cda795ea0d76/Melissa+Roth+2024+Headshot.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Leadership</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/1567132234095-R9K48ANRCEC2NS7SP7YV/12107062_10206228909254952_1183196900228450469_n.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Leadership</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/1567049645397-7IAIUAN9DBDUYEBX4HJ1/0+%281%29.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Leadership</image:title>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/1567048360138-TK40TH5RDT1BG5O53VMK/0.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Leadership</image:title>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.offplanetresearch.com/oprflcross2</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2019-05-10</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/1521133273158-PGKJ76IBI89YIU04R8VL/OPRLogosm1.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>OPRFLCROSS2</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/1521067024213-X9DKUKMYFQYDZHTHB9H6/HighlandGasIce.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>OPRFLCROSS2 - OPRFLCROSS2 frozen into Lunar Highland Regolith Simulant</image:title>
      <image:caption>OPRFLCROSS1 lunar ice simulant frozen in one of our lunar Highland regolith simulants.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.offplanetresearch.com/simulants</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-06-19</lastmod>
    <image:image>
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      <image:title>Simulants</image:title>
    </image:image>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/d3700dfb-4246-48f7-8eda-96e945e2700f/Anorthosite</image:loc>
      <image:title>Simulants - Archean Anorthosite</image:title>
      <image:caption>OPRFLCROSS1 lunar ice simulant frozen in one of our lunar Highland regolith simulants.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/7eb3f7a0-aeaa-4c00-9f57-d7e669372f54/Basalt.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Simulants - Basaltic Cinder</image:title>
      <image:caption>Source: San Francisco Formation in Arizona, USA The source for this feedstock is the same source used for JSC-1 due to its mineralogical similarity to low-titanium basalt regolith found in the Mare regions on the Moon. This basaltic cinder has a high glass content which helps simulate basaltic regolith.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/1631655821581-WZ9I9MEBAB9EGB5S6DXZ/ilmenite</image:loc>
      <image:title>Simulants - Ilmenite</image:title>
      <image:caption>Material: Ilmenite This is a titanium and iron based mineral that is also high in oxygen and is common in some lunar mare basalts. We crush, sift, and recombine the ilmenite before blending it into our simulants to assure it has the correct particle size distribution. We can customize the ilmenite content of our Mare simulants to meet the needs of our clients. Our standard high titanium Mare simulants have 14.4% ilmenite.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/49ad34b1-66ab-4c19-a894-b9ddbd4d9a7f/2026+Agglutinates</image:loc>
      <image:title>Simulants - Simulated Agglutinates</image:title>
      <image:caption>The agglutinate component of lunar regolith is critical for certain types of testing. Our simulated agglutinates are mechanically similar to lunar agglutinates. Agglutinates are formed by micrometeorite impacts into the lunar regolith, and are formed from the material in which they are found. The agglutinates included in our simulants are produced from their base simulant to better approximate lunar agglutinates.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/3375ed1e-c1fc-4d49-bac4-070c1d3990f1/LSSLabCloseUp.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Simulants - OPRH2N, OPRH3N, &amp; OPRH4N</image:title>
      <image:caption>General Highland Simulants These are general representative Highland regolith simulants for the near and far sides of the Moon. The cohesion, particle size distribution, and geotechnical and terramechanical properties of this simulant are good approximations for Highland lunar regolith. OPRH2N is a Nearside Highland Simulant with 70% anorthosite and 30% basaltic cinder, OPRH3N is a Farside Highland Simulant with 80% anorthosite and 20% basaltic cinder, and OPRH4N is a PAN Highland Simulant with 90% anorthosite and 10% basaltic cinder. Agglutinates can be added upon request.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/80aac18f-f122-4c47-9bff-b8b71a29b48b/mare+cohesive.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Simulants - OPRL2N</image:title>
      <image:caption>General Mare Regolith Simulant This is a general representative Mare regolith simulant modeled after the average samples of Mare regolith gathered during the Apollo missions. OPRL2N is 90% basaltic cinder and 10% anorthosite. The cohesion, particle size distribution, and geotechnical and mechanical properties of this simulant are good approximations for Mare lunar regolith. Agglutinates can be added upon request.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/3f5e43a6-6698-47de-b99b-5a00dcce4b42/OPR+Simulant.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Simulants - OPRL2NT</image:title>
      <image:caption>Higher Titanium Mare Regolith Simulant This is a general representative higher-titanium Mare regolith simulant modeled after the average samples of Mare regolith gathered during the Apollo missions. It is 75.6% basaltic cinder and 10% anorthosite and 14.4% ilmenite. Agglutinates can be added upon request.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/7a4ba6b5-abca-43e8-92fe-646785679bd1/UW+Increased+Magnetic+Response.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Simulants - Simulants with Increased Magnetic Response</image:title>
      <image:caption>Simulants with an increased magnetic response include an iron-rich rim that approximates the embedded iron in lunar particles. This line of simulant is customized to meet the client's specifications. Please contact us to discuss your test requirements. The purple shows the 45 nm iron particles added to the exterior of an anorthosite particle. They are an inclusion on the particles, not a separate additive. Photo courtesy of the University of Washington.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/789e4a3e-c345-4921-8a56-e1e4577945fd/2025+Ice+Close-up.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Simulants - Icy Regolith Simulants</image:title>
      <image:caption>Icy regolith simulants are customized to meet the client’s specifications so please contact us to discuss your test requirements. Please note these simulants are kept at low temperatures using either dry ice or liquid nitrogen and may contain hazardous or corrosive volatiles depending on your composition selection. For the Moon, the volatiles found in the LCROSS plume include water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, methane, ethane, ammonia, and methanol. Other volatiles may also be present. We can also produce icy regolith simulants for Mars. LCROSS Source: Anthony Colapreset et. al. "Detection of Water in the LCROSS Ejecta Plume," Science 330, 463 (2010).</image:caption>
    </image:image>
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      <image:title>Simulants - Unicorn Simulant</image:title>
      <image:caption>Have a wild idea or a simulant wish that seems too far out there to be made a reality? We want to hear about it and make it happen! Contact us with your detailed request.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.offplanetresearch.com/collaborations</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-03-03</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/3000844b-e340-4fd8-91d1-1410dbe350bb/Logo+-+UPDATED_Small.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>BRIC Builders - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/0ad93e74-8167-42dd-ac74-811525c573fe/ua_horiz_rgb_4.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>BRIC Builders - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/d91f0851-9ad9-4d13-991b-f86671d3fa68/FullName_Horizontal_TwoColor.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>BRIC Builders - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.offplanetresearch.com/simulants-copy</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-06-19</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/1631310242459-ZC52NI1H1HVHMKTQ7XT1/Logo+-+UPDATED.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Simulants (Copy)</image:title>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/1631659649316-BU0ZSKKFEQS88QI1H4O0/Anorthosite.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Simulants (Copy) - Material: Archean Anorthosite</image:title>
      <image:caption>OPRFLCROSS1 lunar ice simulant frozen in one of our lunar Highland regolith simulants.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/1631659673963-I441KR2SXZOCUJTFM5VO/Basalt.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Simulants (Copy) - Material: Basaltic Cinder</image:title>
      <image:caption>Source: San Francisco Formation in Arizona, USA The source for this feedstock is the same source used for JSC-1 due to its mineralogical similarity to low-titanium basalt regoliths found in the Mare regions on the Moon. This cinder has a high glass content which helps simulate basaltic regolith.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/1631655821581-WZ9I9MEBAB9EGB5S6DXZ/ilmenite</image:loc>
      <image:title>Simulants (Copy) - Material: Ilmenite</image:title>
      <image:caption>Material: Ilmenite This is a titanium and iron based mineral that is also high in oxygen and is common in some lunar mare basalts. We crush, sift, and recombine the ilmenite before blending it into our simulants to assure it has the correct particle size distribution. We can customize the ilmenite content of our Mare simulants to meet the needs of our clients. Our standard high titanium Mare simulants have 14.4% ilmenite.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/1631659725995-I49E99A6NBH2HG7CPPJ1/H2-Aggl.5.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Simulants (Copy) - Designation: Agglutinates</image:title>
      <image:caption>Name: Off Planet Research, Kind of Simulant, Agglutinates The agglutinate component of lunar regolith is critical for certain types of testing. Our simulated agglutinates are mechanically similar to lunar agglutinates. Agglutinates are formed by micrometeorite impacts into the lunar regolith, and are formed from the material in which they are found. The agglutinates included in our simulants are produced from their base simulant to better approximate lunar agglutinates.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/14c2686f-1e73-4b05-a8bc-9055557d580c/LSSLabCloseUp.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>Simulants (Copy) - Designation: OPRH2N, OPRH3N, &amp; OPRH4N</image:title>
      <image:caption>Name: Off Planet Research, Highland, Group 2, 3 &amp; 4, Non-Agglutinate These are general representative Highland regolith simulants for the near and far sides of the Moon. OPRH2N is modeled after the average samples of Highland regolith gathered during the Apollo 17 mission. OPRH2N 70% anorthosite and 30% basaltic cinder, OPRH3N is 80% anorthosite and 20% basaltic cinder, and OPRH4N is 90% anorthosite and 10% basaltic cinder. Agglutinates can be added upon request. The cohesion, particle size distribution, and geotechnical and terramechanical properties of this simulant are good approximations for Highland lunar regolith.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/3c946058-a658-40bf-8b0c-2a807c226224/Rover%2Bwheel1.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Simulants (Copy) - Designation: OPRL2N</image:title>
      <image:caption>Name: Off Planet Research, Mare, Group 2, Non-Agglutinate This is a general representative Mare regolith simulant modeled after the average samples of Mare regolith gathered during the Apollo missions. It is 90% basaltic cinder and 10% anorthosite. Agglutinates can be added upon request. The cohesion, particle size distribution, and geotechnical and terramechanical properties of this simulant are good approximations for Mare lunar regolith.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/4c51320c-1c53-435f-84f3-887141d33d67/mare+cohesive.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Simulants (Copy) - OPRL2NT</image:title>
      <image:caption>Higher Titanium Mare Regolith Simulant This is a general representative higher-titanium Mare regolith simulant modeled after the average samples of Mare regolith gathered during the Apollo missions. It is 75.6% basaltic cinder, 10% anorthosite, and 14.4% ilmenite. Agglutinates can be added upon request.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/4d3299ad-3a92-4cae-89c8-5d264238c498/UW+Increased+Magnetic+Response.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Simulants (Copy) - Simulants with Increased Magnetic Response</image:title>
      <image:caption>Simulants with an increased magnetic response include an iron-rich rim that approximates the embedded iron in lunar particles. This line of simulants is customized to meet the client's specifications so please contact us to discuss your test requirements. The purple shows the 45 nm iron particles added to the exterior of an anorthosite particle. They are an inclusion on the particles, not a separate additive. Photo curtesy of the University of Washington.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/8624be73-42cd-494b-95c6-5fac8702e749/2025+Ice+Close-up.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Simulants (Copy) - Icy Regolith Simulants</image:title>
      <image:caption>OPRFLCROSS2  is a lunar ice simulant based on the LCROSS mission results as reported in "Detection of Water in the LCROSS Ejecta Plume" Anthony Colaprete, et al.  Science 330, 463 (2010);  DOI: 10.1126/science.1186986 The chemical composition of OPRFLCROSS2 includes Water, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, Sulfur Dioxide, Methane, Ethane, Ammonia, and Methanol. Icy regolith simulants are customized to meet the client's specifications so please contact us to discuss your test requirements. Please note these simulants are kept at</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/59b8a6cdf09ca4b0e6840c45/1631657247438-75VJ8NGQSA8Y227W6A6I/IMG_1212.JPG</image:loc>
      <image:title>Simulants (Copy) - Unicorn Simulant</image:title>
      <image:caption>Have a wild idea or a simulant wish that seems too far out there to be made a reality? We want to hear about it and make it happen! Contact us with your detailed request.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
</urlset>

